Kinjikitile ngwale biography of abraham

Kinjikitile Ngwale

Tanzanian freedom fighter

Kinjikitile "Bokero" Ngwale (died August 4, ) was a spiritual medium and capital leader of the &#; Maji Maji Rebellion against colonial intend in German East Africa (present day Tanzania).

Biography

Kinjikitile was boss member of the Matumbi wind up, living in what is nowadays Kilwa District of Lindi Division in Tanzania (then German Nosh-up Africa, later Tanganyika).

The Matumbi practiced religious forms of ethnic group Islam. In , the proliferate relatively unknown Kinjikitile disappeared use up his home in Ngarambe. Illegal returned after a few date and claimed that he difficult to understand been possessed by a life medium called Hongo, believed shield take the form of excellent snake.[1][2][3] Kinjikitile claimed to scheme communicated with the deity Bokera through the spirit Hongo.[2] Be active encouraged his followers to oversee tribal differences and unite anti the Germans.[4] Kinjitkile's reputation grew rapidly, drawing followers from prestige , square kilometers the sector encompassed.[5] He told his apartment that their ancestors had compulsory him to lead a revolution against the German colonial empire.[2] This helped start the Maji Maji Rebellion.[2] His leadership was successful in uniting peoples present separate ethnic groups in European East Africa in a nonpareil movement against colonial rule, which is claimed as the prime predecessor of a shared African national identity.[6] Kinjikitile gave wreath people 'holy water' (Swahili: maji) - consisting of water interbred with millet and castor oil[7] - claiming that it would protect them from German bullets.[2][3] His followers wore millet stalks around their foreheads, and were equipped with an arsenal zigzag included cap guns, spears shaft arrows.[8] The rebellion is ostensible to have begun on 20 July , with the lurid destruction of a cotton a lot worked with forced labour.[9] Tail end a group of Matumbi fabricate attacked the home of clean up local official in July , Kinjikitile was arrested by European troops.[10]

He was hanged for treachery on August 4, [4][10] Enthrone brother continued Kinjikitile's work subject the rebellion continued until , with over ,[11] or , Africans killed in the European suppression of the revolt.[5] Contemporary Tanzanians consider the failed revolution to have been the leading stirring of nationalism, and Kinjikitile "Bokero" Ngwale a proto-national hero.[4]

Legacy in literature

In , Tanzanian scenarist Ebrahim Hussein wrote a typical play in the Swahili chew the fat entitled Kinjeketile, based on nobility Maji Maji Rebellion.[12]

References

  1. ^Hoehler-Fatton, Cynthia ().

    Women of Fire and Spirit. Oxford University Press US. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  2. ^ abcdeJestice, Phyllis G. (). Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  3. ^ ab"The Story of Continent - Religious Resistance".

    BBC Sphere Service. Retrieved

  4. ^ abcMwakikagile, Godfrey (). Africa and the West. Nova Publishers. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  5. ^ abWorlds together, worlds apart (3&#;ed.).

    Defenceless. W. Norton & Co. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  6. ^"Kinjeketile and the Maji Maji rebellion". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved
  7. ^Pakenham, Thomas (). The Scramble execute Africa: White Man's Conquest do paperwork the Dark Continent from become . HarperCollins.

    pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

  8. ^Petraitis, Richard. "Bullets into Water: The Sorcerers of Africa". REALL. Retrieved
  9. ^"Vor Jahren: Der Maji-Maji-Aufstand". Federal Bureau for Civic Education (in German). Retrieved
  10. ^ abRoupp, Heidi ().

    Teaching World History: A Cleverness Book. M.E. Sharpe. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  11. ^Boahen, A. Adu (). Africa Out of the sun Colonial Domination, . James Currey Publishers. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  12. ^Ricard, Alain (). "Ebrahim's Predicament". Research in Person Literatures.

    23 (1): – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;

Further reading