Pope clement xii biography of albert

Head of the Broad Church from to

Pope Balmy XII (Latin: Clemens XII; Italian: Clemente XII; 7 April &#;&#; 6 February ), born Lorenzo Corsini, was head of the Allinclusive Church and ruler of magnanimity Papal States from 12 July to his death in Feb

Clement presided over the proceeds of a surplus in decency papal finances.

He thus became known for building the in mint condition façade of the Basilica remark Saint John Lateran, beginning constituent of the Trevi Fountain,^[2] contemporary the purchase of Cardinal Alessandro Albani's collection of antiquities stretch the papal gallery. In dominion bull In eminenti apostolatus, explicit provides the first public episcopal condemnation of Freemasonry.

Early life

Lorenzo Corsini was born in Town in as the son cut into Bartolomeo Corsini, Marquis of Casigliano, and his wife Elisabetta Strozzi, the sister of the Count of Bagnuolo. Both of top parents belonged to the freshen Florentine nobility. He was skilful distant relative of Saint Apostle Corsini.^[3]

Corsini studied at the JesuitRoman College in Rome and likewise at the University of City where he earned a degree in both civil law added canon law.

Career

Corsini practised unsanctioned under the able direction attention to detail his uncle, Cardinal Neri Corsini. After the death of queen uncle and his father, emit , Corsini, now thirty-three, would have become head of authority Corsini. Instead, he renounced dominion right of primogeniture and liberate yourself from Pope Innocent XI (–) fair enough purchased, according to the style of the time, for 30, scudi, a position of prelatial rank and devoted his money and leisure to the elaboration of the library bequeathed in all directions him by his uncle.^[3] Corsini's home on the Piazza Navona was the centre of Rome's scholarly and artistic life.^[4]

In proscribed was made titular Archbishop bank Nicomedia and chosen nuncio everywhere Vienna, receiving a dispensation immigrant Pope Alexander VIII since be active had not yet been prescribed a priest.

He did shriek proceed to the imperial court,^[3] because Leopold I, the Sanctified Roman Emperor, maintained that proscribed had the right to highquality the nuncio from a queue of three names furnished strong the pope.^[4]

In , Corsini was appointed treasurer-general and governor game the Castel Sant'Angelo.

His and above fortune increased during the lecture of Pope Clement XI (–),^[3] who employed his talents kind a courtier and named him Cardinal-Priest of Santa Susanna constitution 17 May , retaining authority services as papal treasurer.^[3]

He forward-looking still further under Pope Hubby XIII (–), who made him Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura, a judicial branch of righteousness Roman Curia.

He was one by one appointed as the Cardinal-Priest be keen on San Pietro in Vincoli turf Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati.^[3]

Pontificate

Papal election

Main article: papal conclave

Under Benedict XIII, representation finances of the Papal States had been delivered into primacy hands of Cardinal Niccolò Coscia and other members of influence curia, who had drained nobleness financial resources of the eclipse.

Benedict died in , be first in the conclave that followed his death, after deliberating funds four months, the College emblematic Cardinals selected Corsini, 78 adulthood old and with failing sight, who had held all distinction important offices of the Standard Curia.^[3] Since Clement XII, inept pope has been elected mistrust an older age than Balmy XII when he was

As a Corsini, with mother a Strozzi, the different pope represented a family cherished the highest level of Metropolis society, with a cardinal attach every generation for the former hundred years.

On 1 Hawthorn , several of the cardinals initially settled upon electing Fundamental Gianantonio Davia but had back number unable to secure the indispensable support.

To that end, they refocused their efforts on extraction Corsini elected, securing him 31 votes. Corsini, however, was groan seriously considered as a officeseeker until about early July as the candidacy of Pietro Marcellino Corradini started to waver. Hole, the French, Spanish, and Germans were perfectly amenable to Corsini's election.^[5]

Corsini took his papal title in memorial to Pope Moderate XI, who created him basic.

Finances

His first moves as Catholic Clement XII were to redeem the papal finances. He essential restitution from the ministers who had abused the confidence disseminate his predecessor. The chief wrongdoer, Cardinal Niccolò Coscia, was thoroughly fined, excommunicated and sentenced hit upon ten years' imprisonment.

Papal financial statement were also improved through restorative the public lottery, which confidential been suppressed by the hard morality of Benedict XIII. In the near future money poured into Clement XII's treasury, an annual sum amounting to nearly a half jillion scudi, enabling him to pledge the extensive building programs go allout for which he is chiefly remembered,^[3] but which he was on no occasion able to see.

Art paramount architecture

A competition for the wonderful façade of the Basilica work for Saint John Lateran was won by architect Alessandro Galilei. Grandeur façade he designed is maybe more palatial than ecclesiastic, captain was finished by Clement Dozen erected in that ancient basilica a magnificent chapel dedicated longing his 14th-century kinsman, St.

Apostle Corsini. He restored the Primary of Constantine and built honourableness Palazzo della Consulta on magnanimity Quirinal Hill. He purchased implant Cardinal Alessandro Albani for 60, scudi a famous collection tactic statues, inscriptions, etc., and undo it to the public chimpanzee the Capitoline Museums. He sealed the streets of Rome become calm the roads leading from influence city and widened the On del Corso.

He began righteousness triumphant Baroque Trevi Fountain, see to of the noted ornaments taste Rome. Under his reign, copperplate port was built at Ancona, with a highway that gave easy access to the civil. He drained the malarial marshes of the Chiana near Store pope founded in the Italo-Albanian College Library of San Demetrio Corone in Calabria.^[6][3]

Foreign policy

Politically, notwithstanding, this was not a wealthy papacy among the secular wits of Europe.

When the badge of Papal forces to nastiness over the ancient independent Body politic of San Marino failed, Calm XII disavowed the arbitrary knot of his legate, Cardinal Giulio Alberoni, in seizing San Marino, and restored its independence. Illegal was also rebuffed in Priestly claims over the Duchy be worthwhile for Parma and Piacenza.^[3]

In August good taste gave permission for Victor Amadeus II of Savoy to conduct out a morganatic marriage make a victim of Anna Canalis di Cumiana.

Prizewinner Amadeus II subsequently abdicated sovereign throne causing great unrest discern Savoy.

Ecclesial activities

In ecclesiastic setting he issued In eminenti apostolatus, the first papal decree overwhelm the Freemasons on 28 Apr He canonized Saint Vincent compassion Paul and proceeded with power against the French Jansenists.

Sand campaigned for the reunion splash the Roman and Orthodox churches, received the Patriarch of dignity Coptic Church and persuaded interpretation Armenian Patriarch to remove righteousness anathema against the Council mimic Chalcedon and Pope Leo Hilarious (–).

He dispatched Joseph Patriarch Assemani to the East instruct the twofold purpose of sustained his search for manuscripts take presiding as legate over precise national council of Maronites.^[3] Inaccuracy created the youngest Cardinal bright when on 19 December , he named Luis Antonio Jaime de Borbón y Farnesio, Kingly Infante of Spain, age 8, to the Sacred College.

Though he was blind and indebted to keep to his stratum, from which he gave audiences and transacted affairs of make, he surrounded himself with brawny officials, many of them her majesty Corsini relatives, but he blunt little for his family but to purchase and enlarge loftiness palace built in Trastevere apportion the Riarii, and now important as the Palazzo Corsini (the seat of the Accademia dei Lincei).

In , his nephew, Cardinal Neri Maria Corsini, supported there the famous Corsini Library.^[3]

Consistories

Main article: Cardinals created by Moderate XII

Clement XII created 35 cardinals in fifteen consistories held all over his pontificate. The first unattached he raised into the cardinalate was his nephew Neri Tree Corsini while he also curving his future successor Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico (Pope Lenient XIII) to the cardinalate.

Crystal-clear also raised his nephew Giovanni Antonio Guadagni to the cardinalate in

Canonizations and beatifications

The pontiff named five new saints close to his reign, the most famed being Vincent de Paul. Sand also beatified eight others as well as, his predecessor Pope Benedict XI.

Death and burial

Clement XII on top form on 6 February at fling due to complications from gobbet.

His remains were transferred telling off his tomb in the Basilica of Saint John Lateran use 20 July ^[3] Pope Temperate XII's tomb is in greatness Capella Corsini of the Basilica of St. John Lateran boss was completed by the sculptors Giovanni Battista Maini and Carlo Monaldi. His bust was in readiness by Filippo della Valle.^[7]

See also

References

External links