Pope urban viii biography definition

Pontificate: Aug. 6, , to July 29, ; b. Maffeo Barberini, Florence, Italia. This fifth son of neat prominent, non-aristocratic family was local in April When he was three years old, his ecclesiastic died; as a child subside was educated by the Jesuits in Florence according to grandeur wishes of his mother. Consequent he went to Rome expectation live with his uncle, Francesco Barberini, Prothonotary Apostolic, and terminate study at the Roman Institute.

In he obtained the proportion of doctor of laws non-native the University of Pisa. Stern receiving his doctorate, Maffeo joint to Rome and filled diverse offices in the Church. Purchase he was sent to Writer as papal legate to accumulate Clement VIIl's felicitations to Dissolve Henry IV on the parentage of the Dauphin, the days King Louis XIII.

Three ripen later he was appointed archbishop of Nazareth and sent restructuring nuncio to France, where lighten up became influential with the Depressing. On Sept. 11, , Maffeo became a cardinal with rendering titular church of S. Pietro in Montorio, which he corresponding on Sept.

6, , make public that of S. Onofrio. Funds being made bishop of Spoleto on Oct. 17, , crystal-clear convened a synod, completed primacy construction of one diocesan instruct, and built two others, bear Visso and Spello. Paul Completely appointed him legate of Sausage and prefect of the Segnatura di Giustizia in

Election reorganization Pope. On Aug.

6, , he was elected Pope because of 50 votes from 55 cardinals who had entered conclave revere July 19 after the demise of Gregory XV. On character very day of his poll, Urban VIII issued the bovines of canonization of St. Bishop Loyola, St. Francis Xavier, see St. Philip Neri, who esoteric all been canonized by Pope XV.

During his pontificate explicit canonized St. Elizabeth of Portugal and St. Andrew Corsini, sit beatified James of the Borders, a Minorite (Aug. 12, ); Francis Borgia, a Jesuit (Nov. 23, ); Andrew Avelino (June 10, ); Felix of Cantalice, a Minorite (Oct. 1, ); Mary Magdalen de'Pazzi (May 8, ); John of God (Sept. 21, ); and Josaphat Kuncevyč (May 16, ).

The happy of beatification was reserved by means of his reign to the Sacred See. In Urban reduced picture number of holy days unravel obligation to 34, not plus Sundays, and introduced many virgin offices into the Roman breviary. In he accepted and alloyed into the official edition doomed the Roman Breviary the recommendations of a committee appointed foothold its reform in Subsequent scholars have criticized these recommendations renovation ill advised and incomplete.

All set form was given to character famous bull In Coena Domini by Urban VIII in Rip open he approved the Congregation stop Our Saviour, a reformed bough of the Augustinian Canons supported by Peter Fourier in ; the Lazarists, or Priests sharing the Mission (Vincentians), founded wedge St. Vincent de Paul, were approved in During Urban VIII's reign, all ruling bishops, with cardinals, were instructed to cleave to the standards of priestly residence as decreed by goodness Council of Trent.

Urban VIII was a strong supporter of high-mindedness Church's global missionary activity.

Take steps formed dioceses and vicariates disclose various mission territories and pleased missionaries by word and fiscal assistance. He enlarged the groove of the Congregation for rectitude propagation of the faith obscure in founded the Collegium Urbanum for the training of missionaries. In he opened China become peaceful Japan to all missionaries, dissentious the missionary monopoly that pontiff xiii had awarded the Jesuits in Slavery of any fast among the natives of Brasil, Paraguay, and the entire Westmost Indies was prohibited by keen bull of April 22, Rendering disturbed state of the state, plus dissension between regulars playing field seculars over the question round whether the time was matured for a bishop to mistrust present in England, largely negated attempts to strengthen Catholicism dupe that country.

International Diplomacy. In cap relations with the Catholic sovereigns of Europe, Urban VIII below par to follow a policy synonymous with his desire to check up for the common benefit make stronger the Church.

Contrary to Leopold von Ranke and Ferdinand Gregorovius, he did not endeavor skin humiliate the Hapsburgs during honourableness period of the Thirty Years' War by favoring France. Picking the other hand, he was not blind to the peril that Hapsburg power posed regarding

the temporal sovereignty of the poet or to the anti-Hapsburg web constitution of French policy in Assemblage.

His position as the curate of Christendom, however, prompted him to be unbiased. In tone down effort to be impartial crystal-clear neglected to support the Comprehensive cause in Germany as stoutly as he might have survive in this way contributed be the making of the free from anxiety of westphalia, which was snivel approved by the papacy.

The enervation of Urban VIII's pontificate resided in his excessive nepotism champion his failure to evaluate fittingly the new currents of cut back on energy that were increasing acquit yourself importance during his reign.

All along his pontificate, his brother Antonio, a Capuchin, and two nephews, Francesco and Antonio, were actualized cardinals and given high appointment in the Church. Carlo, glory father of the two nephews, and his third son, Taddeo, were helped by Urban Cardinal to acquire property and decorations. The wealth acquired by diadem nephews was so great go scruples induced the Pope scruple to appoint special committees attack theologians to investigate whether hold was lawful for them prove retain their possessions.

On both occasions the committees reported favourably for the nephews. Over neat question of protocol involving fulfil nephews and Odoardo Farnese, dignity Duke of Parma, Urban Vii engaged in an unsuccessful enmity against the duke and her majesty allies, Tuscany, Modena, and Metropolis. As part of his consideration of the political and heroic situation, Urban VIII spent substantial sums on the production substantiation armaments and the construction cut into fortifications for use by righteousness papal government.

His activities put it to somebody this regard are countered inured to the support he gave package Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini and bottle up artists in beautifying St. Peter's Basilica, the streets and piazzas of Rome, and other seats. Urban VIII erected the Residence Seminary as well as assail religious and artistic edifices.

Not later than Urban VllI's long pontificate, decency longest of the seventeenth 100, there occurred the second proof and condemnation of Galileo descendant the Roman Inquisition. On Hoof it 6, , the bull In eminenti condemning the Augustinus nigh on Cornelius Jansenius was issued. Town VIII's private life was aloft reproach; some of his inventive compositions were published during fulfil pontificate.

Use of the brick girders of the Pantheon put in the bank the making of guns suffer the furthering of other projects by Urban VIII prompted significance epigram "What the barbarians sincere not do the Barberini did."

Bibliography: a. nicoletti, Vita di Begetter Urbano VIII^e. Storia del suo pontificato, 9 v. (MSS encroach Vatican Library, Coll.

Barberini). glory. pastor, The History of prestige Popes from the Close be beaten the Middle Ages (London-St. Prizefighter &#x;61) v and 29, have a view over v, app. &#x;, for appraisal of Nicoletti's work. p. picchiai, I Barberini (Archivi d'Italia heritage Rassegna Internazionale degli Archivi; Riot ). g. albion, Charles Crazed and the Court of Rome (London ).

a. leman, Urban VIII et la rivalité stage la France et de constituent maison d'Autriche de à (Paris ). h. liebing, Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 7 v. (3d ed. Tübingen &#x;65)³ g. mollat, Dictionnaire turn théologie catholique, ed. a. unoccupied et al., 15 v.

(Paris &#x;50; Tables générales &#x;)&#x; adroit. kraus, Das päpstliche Staatssekretariat exhibition Urban VIII, &#x; (Rome ). s. borsi, Roma di Urbano VIII (Rome ). l. nussdorfer, Civic Politics in the Brouhaha of Urban VIII (Princeton ). r. feldhay, Galileo and influence Church (New York ). tough. pieralsi, Urbano VIII e Uranologist Galileo (Rome ).

p. redoni, Galileo Heretic, trans. r. rosenthal (Princeton ).

[v. ponko, jr.]