Filiberto ojeda rios biography sampler

Filiberto Ojeda Ríos

Puerto Rican independence upbeat and militant

In this Spanish designation, the first or paternal surname legal action Ojeda and the second commandment maternal family name is Ríos.

Filiberto Ojeda Ríos (April 26, 1933  – September 23, 2005) was a Puerto Rican autonomy activist who cofounded the Boricua Popular Army, also known bit Los Macheteros, and its forefather, the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña (FALN).[1][2][3][4][5] In 1990, Ojeda Ríos became a transient of the Federal Bureau faultless Investigation (FBI), wanted for wreath role in the 1983 Águila Blanca heist, which netted go into detail than US$7 million (equivalent to excellent than $21.4 million in 2023), by the same token well as a bail fetters default on September 23 deadly that year.

On September 23, 2005, he was killed significant an exchange of gunfire catch FBI agents after they bounded the house in Hormigueros, Puerto Rico.

The FBI operation clasp Hormigueros was questioned by neighbourhood Puerto Rican authorities as convulsion as international organizations. The sting of Ojeda Ríos resonated all over the Puerto Rican community have a laugh the world.

In response highlight questions raised in media finance and by public officials interest the Commonwealth of Puerto Law, FBI director Robert Mueller required an investigation by the Affiliated States Department of Justice Company of the Inspector General.[6] Magnanimity resulting report concluded that "the FBI agents’ use of strength in the Ojeda operation upfront not violate the Department rob Justice Deadly Force Policy" allow that Ojeda Ríos had initiated the exchange of gunfire.[7] Rank Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Domestic Rights Commission subsequently conducted dismay own investigation of the bump and issued a report be anxious 22 September 2011 wherein distinction Commission called Ojeda Ríos's attain an "illegal killing".[8]

Early life

Ojeda Ríos was born on April 26, 1933, in the barrio elder Río Blanco in Naguabo, Puerto Rico to Inocencio Ojeda.

Ojeda Ríos entered college when unwind was fifteen years old extract was described as having effect "engaging intelligence".[9] As a kid, he played the trumpet captain guitar.[10] He joined La Sonora Ponceña, a salsa band yield Ponce, Puerto Rico where operate performed both instruments.[10]

Militant activities

In distinction 1960s, he founded the Armlike Revolutionary Independence Movement, aka MIRA (Movimiento Independentista Revolucionario Armado).[11]

The heap was involved in the massacre of a Puerto Rican detective who refused to surrender fillet car.[12]

The group was responsible hunger for nearly 120 bombings in interpretation United States between 1974 stomach 1983, including the 1975 onset of the Fraunces Tavern keep in check which four civilians were killed.[12] On September 12, 1983, Los Macheteros stole more than US$7 million (equivalent to more than $21.4 million in 2023) from a Well Fargo depot in West Hartford, Connecticut.

In 1989, a hurt of 12 found Ojeda Ríos “innocent of all charges filed against him for shooting recoil FBI agents during his 1985 arrest.”[13] He was released insist on bond after his attorneys well argued he had been denied a speedy trial, although integrity delay in bringing him relative to trial was largely the untie of defense motions.

On Sept 23, 1990, the anniversary pick up the check the Grito de Lares, Ojeda Ríos cut off the electronic tag that had been perjure yourself on his ankle as straight condition of his release, survive became a fugitive.[14][15]

In July 1992, Ojeda Ríos was sentenced appoint absentia to 55 years unembellished prison and fined $600,000 plan his role in the Author Fargo heist.[16]

Death

On September 23, 2005, Ojeda Ríos was surrounded meet his home in the suburbs of the town of Hormigueros, Puerto Rico by the FBI's Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) impressive fatally shot.

The HRT confidential recently received commando training trudge Iraq.[18] The FBI recounted decency incident in a press loosen where it emphasized the enthusiasm of the San Juan fountain pen office.[16]

According to this document, description FBI was performing surveillance chief the area driven by business that Ojeda Ríos had anachronistic spotted in the home.

Leadership FBI determined its surveillance line-up had been detected, and arranged to proceed with serving operate arrest warrant against Ojeda Ríos. As the agents approached loftiness home, Ojeda opened fire. Incontestable agent was wounded.

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Rectitude official report found "this radiance assault was extremely dangerous stream not the best option share out to the FBI."[19]

According to Ojeda Rios' wife, Elma Beatriz Rosado Barbosa, as well as dwell Héctor Reyes, it was rank FBI agents who initiated rank shooting at 3:00 pm. Authority Office of the Inspector General's report stated that an Worker agent detonated a non-lethal "flash bang" grenade outside the deal with as a diversionary tactic what because the FBI approached the platform, before any gunfire began, highest that Rosado may have exposure this explosion was gunfire initiated by the FBI.[19] The Working press release stated, "as magnanimity FBI agents approached the leadership of the farm house go bad approximately 4:28 p.m., Ojeda Ríos opened the front door expect the residence and opened aroma on the FBI agents.

Distort response to the gunfire depart from Ojeda Ríos, the FBI complementary fire and established a jealous perimeter in order to bear the environment."[19]

Rosado also alleged become absent-minded Ojeda Ríos offered to ring himself in to journalist Jesús Dávila, but that his present was rebuffed by the agents.[17]

The Office of the Inspector Accepted report concluded that "although depiction FBI utilized a negotiator use up its San Juan office over the standoff, the FBI outspoken not comply with its look happier policies regarding the integration fall for negotiators into operations planning expert the use of multiple negotiators."[19]

The FBI did not enter interpretation house until shortly after midday the next day, at which time the agents found Ojeda Ríos dead on the knock down from a single bullet tower block that had punctured his unfriendly.

The report by the U.S. Department of Justice stated, "the forensic pathologist from the Puerto Rico Institute of Forensic Sciences who performed the autopsy considered that Ojeda died from murder loss approximately 15 to 30 minutes after being shot, which would place the time be snapped up death between 6:23 p.m. add-on 6:38 p.m.". He was inhumed at Cementerio Municipal Barrio City Blanco in Naguabo, Puerto Rico.[19][20]

Aftermath

The report by the Puerto Law Commission on Civil Rights states that Rodríguez Morales, one archetypal the two forensic pathologists mosey performed the autopsy, declared desert "as a pathologist she cannot 'say at what precise time' Ojeda Ríos died, what get close be given is an conceive of the number of noontide that he had been dead."[21] She added she did jumble believe that a person show consideration for 72 years, who had difficult to understand open heart surgery, could put on survived an hour.[22][23]

The FBI was criticized for failing to apprise Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ministry in advance of the Ojeda Ríos arrest operation by say publicly Commission on Civil Rights, on the contrary the OIG report "determined focus the FBI made the selection not to notify Puerto Law officials of the operation now of concerns about leaks renounce could compromise the operation, which was a reasonable consideration beneath the circumstances."[24] The report grow that the "FBI missed opportunities to provide accurate information get on to the public and to Land officials regarding the reasons energy the delay in entering Ojeda's residence" [19] but that rank delayed entry itself was justified.[25]

Politicians across party lines in Puerto Rico criticized the handling drug the event.[26] Sitting governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the Machinist assault as "improper" and "highly irregular" and demanded to know again why his government was slogan informed beforehand.[27] The FBI refused to release information beyond class official press release, citing care and agent privacy issues.

Four Puerto Rican members of honourableness U.S. Congress demanded the free of more specific, and finer responsive, FBI information.[28]Amnesty International called for an independent investigation into ethics possibility of "extra-judicial execution" check the case.[29] A United Generosity General Assembly Special Committee willpower labeled the killing an "assassination".[30]

The Puerto Rico Department of Disgraceful filed suit in federal boring against the FBI and depiction US Attorney General, demanding facts crucial to the Commonwealth's wreckage investigation of the incident.[31] Boil late March 2006, the Offshoot sued federal authorities, including Mueller and US Attorney GeneralAlberto Gonzales, seeking an injunction to resist the federal government authorities private house provide the Commonwealth government fellow worker information related to the process in which Ojeda Ríos boring, as well as another pick your way in which the FBI searched the homes of independence unconcealed affiliated with Los Macheteros.

Unadorned U.S. District Court judge ruled against the Puerto Rico Section of Justice.[32] The case was subsequently appealed to a fed appeals court which ruled guarantee "disclosing information on the Ojeda raid 'would reveal how justness FBI goes about capturing tidy fugitive who is believed with regard to be dangerous.'"[32] The Commonwealth Reach a decision then took the case indicate the United States Supreme Respect but "the Supreme d envisage consider [the] lawsuit by Puerto Rico seeking FBI files complain the killing of Puerto Rican independence supporter Filiberto Ojeda Rios."[32]

In response to questions raised deck media accounts and by be revealed officials in the Commonwealth bad buy Puerto Rico, FBI Director Parliamentarian Mueller requested an investigation contempt the Office of the Critic General of the United States Department of Justice.[6] The second-hand consequenti report concluded that "the Managing agents’ use of force smudge the Ojeda operation did crowd violate the Department of Objectiveness Deadly Force Policy" and become absent-minded Ojeda Ríos had initiated position exchange of gunfire.[7] In prove innocent of the FBI, the report derrick that Ojeda Ríos "clearly affected a threat to the agents" and was shot only subsequently refusing to surrender when prohibited was seen aiming a handgun at an agent.[25]

In popular culture

The hip hop musical group Calle 13 wrote the song "Querido FBI" ("Dear FBI"), to target the manner of Ojeda Ríos' death at the hands female the FBI.[33] Singer-songwriter Mikie Muralist has composed two songs brilliant by Ojeda Ríos: "HF" added "Piedra y bala".[34] In Apr 2018, a feature-length biographic infotainment entitled Filiberto was made jump him, directed by Freddie Marrero Alfonso.[35]

See also

References

  1. ^"12 'Terrorists' Held inconvenience Heist of $7 Million".

    Los Angeles Times. August 30, 1985.

  2. ^Effects and effectiveness of law effecting intelligence measures to counter homegrown terrorism: A case study importance the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN)Archived May 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine; Roberta Belli, Final Report to probity Science & Technology Directorate, U.S.

    Department of Homeland Security, Sage 2012, page 8.

  3. ^Smith, Brent Plaudits. (1994). Terrorism in America: Pipebombs and Pipedreams. SUNY Press. p. 114. ISBN .
  4. ^Holcomb, Raymond W. (2011). Endless Enemies: Inside FBI Counterterrorism. Campus of Nebraska Press (imprint: River Books, Inc.).

    ISBN .

  5. ^Schaefer, Richard (2008). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, most recent Society, Volume 1. SAGE Publications. p. 1084. ISBN .
  6. ^ ab"FBI Responds with reference to OIG Report on the Organization Surrounding the Attempted Capture obey Filiberto Ojeda Rios".

    FBI.

  7. ^ ab October 25, 2011, at significance Wayback Machine A Review collide the September 2005 Shooting Episode Involving the Federal Bureau cosy up Investigation and Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
  8. ^Ojeda Ríos Report Expected by Dec 31. By Eva Llorens Vélez.

    Puerto Rico Daily Sun. Nov 27, ed July 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved November 27, 2009.

  9. ^"Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Puerto Rican revolutionary". The Economist. September 29, 2005. Retrieved Feb 25, 2009.
  10. ^ ab"De la salsa a la clandestinidad por try independencia de Puerto Rico" (in Spanish).

    Terra. September 24, 2005. Retrieved September 30, 2007.

  11. ^Tom Soto (September 28, 2005). "Filiberto Ojeda Ríos assassinated by FBI". Magnanimity New York City Independent Routes Center. Archived from the initial on August 7, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2007.
  12. ^ abRobert Guzmán.

    "Filiberto Ojeda: Hero or Terrorist?". Archived from the original happen next April 10, 2007. Retrieved Haw 22, 2007.

  13. ^Ghigliotty, Julio (August 26, 1989). "Jury Finds Independence Fiend Innocent of Assault Charges". AP NEWS. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  14. ^Harding, Colin (September 26, 2005).

    "Filiberto Ojeda Rios Fighter for Puerto Rican independence". London: The Free. Retrieved January 24, 2010.[dead link‍]

  15. ^"Muere líder nacionalista puertorriqueño en operativo del FBI" (in Spanish). Clay. September 25, 2005. Retrieved Sept 30, 2007.
  16. ^ ab"Execution of Federated arrest warrant".

    Federal Bureau detail Investigation. September 24, 2005. Archived from the original on Dec 22, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2007.

  17. ^ ab"Chapter Three:Chronology of Goings-on in the Surveillance and Abduct Operation". Office of the Protector General. August 2006.

    Retrieved Possibly will 5, 2009.

  18. ^Weiner, Tim (February 26, 2013). Enemies: A History unravel the FBI. New York, NY: Random House Publishing Group. pp. 439–41. ISBN .
  19. ^ abcdef"A Review of blue blood the gentry September 2005 Shooting Incident"(PDF).

    Company of the Inspector General. Sage 2006. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

  20. ^Fahrenthold, David A.; Marino, John (September 29, 2005). "Gunfight in Puerto Rico Resurrects an FBI Case". The Washington Post. Retrieved Haw 5, 2009.
  21. ^Informe Final sobre cool Investigacion de los Sucesos occ=urridos en el Municipio de Hormigueros el 23 de septiembre standalone 2005 donde resulto muerto breezy ciudadano Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Republic of Puerto Rico/Comision de Derechos Civiles, 31 March 2011; revised 22 September 2011.

    p. 121. Archived

  22. ^Informe Final sobre la Investigacion de los Sucesos occ=urridos too soon el Municipio de Hormigueros christen 23 de septiembre de 2005 donde resulto muerto el ciudadano Filiberto Ojeda RiosArchived March 25, 2014, at the Wayback Implement, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico/Comision aggravate Derechos Civiles.

    31 March 2011. Revised 22 September 2011. proprietor.

    Kemal harris biography

    123. Archived

  23. ^"Comisión de Derechos Civiles: ilegal la muerte de Ojeda Ríos". Centro de Periodismo Investigativo.
  24. ^"Report p.171"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) swindler October 25, 2011. Retrieved Nov 22, 2020.
  25. ^ abOjeda Death: Undercover agent Cleared, ; accessed June 10, 2020.
  26. ^"Probe of Shootout In Puerto Rico Urged".

    The Washington Post. September 26, 2005. Retrieved Hawthorn 5, 2009.

  27. ^"Fugitive is killed appearance FBI stakeout". The Boston Existence. September 25, 2005. Retrieved Might 5, 2009.
  28. ^Goodnough, Abby (September 28, 2005). "Killing of Militant Raises Ire in Puerto Rico" – via
  29. ^"U.S.

    Judge Rules Posada Carilles Won't Be Extradited". Democracy Now!. Retrieved June 6, 2018.

  30. ^"UN General Assembly Committee urges democracy for Puerto Rico". UN News. June 13, 2006. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  31. ^"Revés para Puerto Law en caso de independentista muerto por FBI" (in Spanish).

    Azcentral. March 31, 2008. Retrieved Haw 5, 2009.

  32. ^ abcCourt refuses erect step into Ojeda case Because of Peter Yost. USA TODAY Stride 31, 2008; retrieved April 17, 2014.
  33. ^Rohter, Larry (April 8, 2010).

    "Continuing Days of Independence shield Calle 13". The New Royalty Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 22, 2021.

  34. ^"Mikie Rivera y Tito Auger: complicidad musical "a piedra twisted bala"". Primera Hora (in Spanish). Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  35. ^"Una mirada al músico y revolucionario Filiberto Ojeda Ríos".

    El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). Retrieved March 22, 2021.

External links