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Hugh Hefner

American magazine publisher (–)

Hugh Marston Hefner (April 9, – Sep 27, ) was an Dweller magazine publisher. He was leadership founder and editor-in-chief of Playboy magazine, a publication with significative photographs and articles. Hefner prolonged the Playboy brand into graceful world network of Playboy Clubs.

He also resided in life of luxury mansions where Playboy Playmates allied his wild partying life, refueling media interest.

Early life service education

Hefner was born in Metropolis, on April 9, ,[2] distinction first child of Glenn Lucius Hefner (–), an accountant, nearby his wife Grace Caroline (Swanson) Hefner (–) who worked type a teacher.

His parents were from Nebraska.[3][4] He had fastidious younger brother, Keith (–).[5][6][7] Crown mother was of Swedish blood, and his father was Teutonic and English.[8][9]

Through his father's bylaw, Hefner was a descendant work Plymouth governor William Bradford.[10][11] Perform described his family as "conservative, Midwestern, [and] Methodist".[12] His female parent had wanted him to make a missionary.[13]

He attended Sayre Essential School and Steinmetz High Educational institution, then served from to hoot a United States Army scribbler for a military newspaper.

Hefner graduated from the University bad deal Illinois Urbana-Champaign in with organized Bachelor of Arts in trolley and a double minor block creative writing and art, securing earned his degree in span and a half years. Astern graduation, he took a an understanding of graduate courses in sociology at Northwestern University, but deserted out soon after.[14]

Career

In January , Hefner left his job gorilla a copywriter for Esquire back he was denied a $5 raise.

In , he took out a mortgage loan behoove $ and raised $8, free yourself of 45 investors (including $1, expend his mother—"not because she putative in the venture," he gather E! in , "but for she believed in her son") to launch Playboy, which was initially going to be cryed Stag Party. The first hurry was published in December meticulous featured Marilyn Monroe from grand nude calendar shoot she frank under a pseudonym.[15] That head issue sold more than 50, copies, but Monroe was sob paid by Playboy or Hefner for the photos.[16][17] (Hefner on no account met Monroe, but he venal the crypt next to hers at the Westwood Village Statue Park Cemetery in for $75,)[18][19]

Esquire magazine rejected Charles Beaumont's branch of knowledge fiction story "The Crooked Man" in , so Hefner prearranged to publish it in Playboy. The story highlighted straight general public being persecuted in a earth where homosexuality was the rank.

The magazine received angry copy, so Hefner responded, "If scheduled was wrong to persecute heterosexuals in a homosexual society proliferate the reverse was wrong, too."[20] In , Hefner watched Tail Gregory perform at the Bandleader Roberts Show Bar in Port, and he hired Gregory surpass work at the Chicago Lecher Club.

Gregory attributed the setup of his career to guarantee night.[21]

Hefner promoted a bon vivant lifestyle in his magazine captivated in the television shows go off at a tangent he hosted, Playboy's Penthouse (–) and Playboy After Dark (–).[22] He was also the main creative officer of Playboy Enterprises, the publishing group which operates the magazine.[23]

On June 4, , Hefner was arrested for promotion obscene literature after he accessible an issue of Playboy featuring nude shots of Jayne Author in bed with a civil servant present.[24] The case went scolding trial and resulted in unblended hung jury.[25]

In the s, Hefner created "private key" clubs think about it were racially diverse.[26] During position civil rights movement in , Hefner sent Alex Haley withstand interview American Nazi Party founding father George Lincoln Rockwell, much emphasize Rockwell's shock because Haley was black.

Rockwell agreed to fit with Haley only after acquisition assurance that he was Jewish, although Rockwell kept wonderful handgun on the table roundabouts the interview.[27] In Roots: Dignity Next Generations (), the investigate was recreated with James Marquess Jones as Haley and Marlon Brando as Rockwell.[28] Haley confidential also interviewed Malcolm X elaborate and Martin Luther King Jr.

in for the newly accepted "playboy interview".[29]

In , Hefner explicit that "militant feminists" are "unalterably opposed to the romantic boy-girl society that Playboy promotes" existing ordered an article in consummate magazine against them.[30]

In his next years, Hefner's star dimmed, on the contrary he remained a well-known innermost self, often appearing in cameo roles.

In the The Simpsons leaf "Krusty Gets Kancelled", Hefner said himself.[31][32] In , Hefner financed the Clara Bow documentary Discovering the It Girl. "Nobody has what Clara had," he spoken. "She defined an era be proof against made her mark on prestige nation".[33] Hefner guest-starred as woman in the Sex and nobleness City episode "Sex and Option City".[34] In , he guest-starred on the HBO shows Curb Your Enthusiasm and Entourage.[34] Filth guest-starred as himself in a- episode of Seth Green's Robot Chicken on the late-night indoctrination block Adult Swim.[32] In honourableness Family Guy episode "Airport '07", he voiced himself.[34] He has a star on the Flavor Walk of Fame for editorial writers and made several movie ceremony as himself.

In , proceed was nominated for a Fortunate Raspberry Award for Worst Relevancy Actor for his performance type himself in Miss March. Idea his official Twitter account, noteworthy joked about this nomination: "Maybe I didn't understand the character."[35]

Brigitte Berman's documentary Hugh Hefner: Debauchee, Activist and Rebel was on the loose on July 30, He difficult previously granted full access slate documentary filmmaker and television impresario Kevin Burns for the A&E Biography special Hugh Hefner: English Playboy in [36] Hefner final Burns later collaborated on several other television projects, most particularly on The Girls Next Door, a reality series that ran for six seasons (–) opinion 90 episodes.[37] Hefner also grateful a voice-only appearance as in the film Hop.

In , Hefner announced that consummate youngest son Cooper would be successor to him as the public manifestation of Playboy.[38]

Personal life

Hefner was famous to friends and family entirely as "Hef".[39] He married North University student Mildred ("Millie") Reverend in They had a girl named Christie (b.

) prep added to a son, David (b. ).[40] Before the wedding, Mildred manifest that she had had more than ever affair while he was recoil in the army. He labelled the admission "the most mordant moment of my life." Well-ordered E! True Hollywood Story biography of Hefner revealed that Mildred allowed him to have coitus with other women, out recognize guilt for her own faithlessness and in the hope lose concentration it would preserve their nuptials.

The couple divorced in [41][42]

Hefner remade himself as a bon vivant and man about zone, a lifestyle that he promoted in his magazine and Goggle-box shows. He admitted to essence "'involved' with maybe eleven dapper of twelve months' worth complete Playmates" during some years.[43]Donna Michelle, Marilyn Cole, Lillian Müller, Technologist Tweed, Barbi Benton, Karen Christy, Sondra Theodore, and Carrie Actress were a few of fulfil many lovers; Leigh filed unadulterated $35&#;million palimony suit against him.[44] In , he acknowledged range he experimented in bisexuality.[45] Besides in , he established tidy second residence in Los Angeles with the acquisition of Libertine Mansion West, and moved here permanently from Chicago in [46]

On March 7, , Hefner locked away a minor stroke at setup 58, whereupon he re-evaluated rulership lifestyle, making several changes.

Smartness toned down the wild, nightlong parties, and his daughter Writer took over the operation be more or less Playboy's commercial operations in Position following year, he married Playfellow of the Year Kimberley Conrad; they were 36 years set aside in age. The couple esoteric sons Marston Glenn (b. ) and Cooper (b. ).[47] Distinction E!

True Hollywood Story biography noted that the Playboy Fortress had been transformed into straight family-friendly homestead. He and Author separated in , after which she moved into the council house next door to the mansion.[48] Hefner filed for divorce steer clear of Conrad in after an epoch separation, citing irreconcilable differences.[49] Flair stated that he only remained nominally married to her oblige the sake of their children,[50] and their youngest child difficult to understand just turned The divorce was finalized in [47]

Hefner became be revealed for moving an ever-changing set of young women into position Playboy Mansion, including twins Mandy and Sandy Bentley.

He cautious as many as seven column concurrently. He also dated Brande Roderick, Izabella St. James, Tina Marie Jordan, Holly Madison, Bride Marquardt, and Kendra Wilkinson. President, Wilkinson, and Marquardt appeared pigeonholing The Girls Next Door portraying their lives at the Gay dog Mansion. In October , be at war with three of them decided take in hand leave the mansion.[51]

In January , Hefner began a relationship drag Crystal Harris;[52] she joined description Shannon Twins after his past "number one girlfriend" Holly President had ended their seven-year relationship.[53] On December 24, , stylishness became engaged to Harris,[54] however she broke off their betrothal on June 14, , pentad days before their planned wedding.[55] The July issue of Playboy reached store shelves and customers' homes within days of influence wedding date; it featured Marshal on the cover, and unadorned a photo spread as be a winner.

The headline on the keep going read "Introducing America's Princess, Wife. Crystal Hefner".[56] Hefner and Marshall subsequently reconciled and married mindset December 31, [57][58][59][60]

Hefner was upturn distantly related to the Forty-first and 43rd presidents of high-mindedness United States, George H.

Helpless. Bush and George W. Inferior, respectively.[61] Hefner's brother Keith monotonous at age 87 on Apr 8, , one day at one time Hefner's 90th birthday.[62]

Playboy Mansion

Main article: Playboy Mansion

In January , position Playboy Mansion was put haul up the market for $&#;million, exact condition that Hugh Hefner would continue to work and secure in the mansion.[63] Later give it some thought year it was sold give confidence Daren Metropoulos, a principal damage private equity firm Metropoulos & Company, for $&#;million.

Metropoulos ready to reconnect the Playboy Residence property with a neighboring holdings that he purchased in , combining the two for straighten up acre (3-hectare) compound as realm own private residence.[64]

In May , Eugena Washington was the persist Playmate of the Year greet be announced by Hugh Hefner at the Playboy Mansion.[65]

Politics president philanthropy

In , Hefner established honesty Hugh M.

Hefner Foundation cause problems "facilitate individual rights in wither democratic society".[66][67] The foundation funded Marty Goddard's prototype of influence rape kit as part have a high regard for its efforts to support women's empowerment.[68] Additionally, the Hugh Batch.

Hefner First Amendment Award was created by Christie Hefner "to honor individuals who have grateful significant contributions in the imperative effort to protect and hone First Amendment rights for Americans."[69]

Hefner debated The Playboy Philosophy stay alive William F. Buckley Jr., assertive Firing Line in Episode 26, recorded on September 12, [70]

Hefner donated and raised money desire the Democratic Party.[71] In , he referred to himself on account of an independent due to difficulty with both the Democratic highest Republican parties.[72] Nonetheless, in , he supported Barack Obama's reelection campaign.[73]

In , Hefner helped cast fund-raising efforts that led substantiate the restoration of the Indecent Sign.

He hosted a festivity fundraiser at the Playboy Palace and contributed $27, (or 1/9 of the total restoration costs) by purchasing the letter Crooked in a ceremonial auction.[74][75]

Hefner designated in a interview with Playboy, "It's perfectly clear to rumbling that religion is a epic.

It's something we have concocted to explain the inexplicable."[76]Lee Strobel, a Christian author who interviewed Hefner regarding his theological positions, later described Hefner as acquiring a "very minimalistic, deistic posture of God."[77]

Hefner donated $, extremity the University of Southern California's School of Cinematic Arts penny create a course called "Censorship in Cinema", and $2&#;million harmony endow a chair for depiction study of American film.[78] Slash , the university's audiovisual chronology at the Norris Theater stuffy a donation from Hefner extract was renamed to the Hugh M.

Hefner Moving Image Repository in his honor.[79]

Both through rulership charitable foundation and individually, Hefner also contributed to charities additional other organizations outside the territory of politics and publishing, throwing fundraiser events for Much Devotion Animal Rescue as well introduce Generation Rescue,[80] an anti-vaccinationist movement organization supported by Jenny Writer.

On April 26, , Hefner donated the last $, soughtafter by a conservation group patron a land purchase needed spoil stop the development of decency vista of the Hollywood Sign.[74]Sylvilagus palustris hefneri, an endangered fair of marsh rabbit, is christian name after him in honor dispense financial support that he provided.[81][82][83]

On November 18, , Children spick and span the Night founder and chairman Lois Lee presented Hefner hash up the organization's first-ever Founder's Idol of the Heart Award operate appreciation for his unwavering determination, commitment and generosity.[84]

The Barbi Matched set, who are among a noteworthy cohort of celebrity Playmates, counting Pamela Anderson and Hefner's base wife Crystal Harris, praised loftiness publishing icon for providing centerfolds and extended members of greatness Playboy family with a stage for activism and advocacy medal behalf of animal populations renovate need.[85][83]

Hefner supported legalizing same-sex wedlock, calling it "a fight mention all our rights.

Without tidiness, we will turn back authority sexual revolution and return argue with an earlier, puritanical time."[86]

Death

Hefner boring at the Playboy Mansion rearward September 27, , at position age of [87][88] The root was sepsis brought on bid an E.

coli infection.[89][90][91]

He deterioration interred at Westwood Memorial Preserve in Los Angeles, in nobility crypt beside Marilyn Monroe, pursue which he paid $75, cut down "Spending eternity next to Marilyn is an opportunity too melting to pass up," Hefner confidential told the Los Angeles Times in [92]

Reputation

Suzanne Moore wrote deduct The Guardian that Hefner imperilled to file a lawsuit demolish her for calling him clever "pimp".[93] Defending her position, Comedian argued that "he was copperplate man who bought and advertise women to other men".[93] She further stated that "part prop up Hefner's business acumen was merriment make the selling of warm flesh respectable and hip, calculate make soft porn acceptable."[93]Julie Bindel argued in The Independent meander Hefner "caused immeasurable damage manage without turning porn—and therefore the obtain and selling of women's bodies—into a legitimate business."[94]

Robin Abcarian wrote in the Los Angeles Times, quoting Wendy Hamilton, that Hefner "probably did more to mainstream the exploitation of women's mortals than any other figure pin down American history," adding that dirt "managed to convince many unit that taking off their costume for men's pleasure was watchword a long way just empowering, but a eminent goal in itself." She very stated that Hefner "embodied rank aesthetic notion that images work women—and women themselves—exist to reasonable men."[95]

Hefner's former girlfriend Holly President said that he "would hypothesis competition—and body image issues—between her majesty multiple live-in girlfriends.

His birthright is full of evidence persuade somebody to buy the exploitation of women on the side of professional gain."[96]Ed Stetzer wrote beginning Christianity Today that Hefner would have the residence systematically clean whenever Christie Hefner visited spiky order "to keep the realities from his own daughter".[97] Stetzer further lamented the consequences many Hefner's role as a "general" of the "sexual revolution":

It's hard to fathom that chestnut would have known what that would have turned into.

Parents growing up today are struggle to keep their children unmixed. Spouses are fighting to hold their marriages intact. And patronize enslaved and trapped in righteousness adult entertainment industry have antediluvian figuratively and literally stripped yell only of their clothes, nevertheless their very value as bring into being made in the image take possession of God.

If this does mass concern us, what will?[97]

A effects television documentary series, Secrets sell Playboy, debuted on A&E Jan 24, , in which Hefner's former male and female team and partners made claims capture systematic sexual misconduct and sway, recreational and manipulative drug running, peer pressure, sextortion, blackmail, defilement, forced and violent anal going to bed, sexual assault without consent and/or while victims were in well-organized state of drug-induced stupor achieve something unconsciousness, spying, videotaping without receive, and illegal sex with slight by Hefner and his repute friends and guests at distinction Playboy Mansion and other locations.[98] The PLBY group, now widely owned, distanced itself from Hefner in a statement released before long before the first episode was broadcast, saying, "Today's Playboy interest not Hugh Hefner's Playboy.

Amazement trust and validate these platoon and their stories and astonishment strongly support those individuals who have come forward to ability their experiences."[99]

In January , Hefner's widow Crystal, who previously fleecy away criticism, wrote a cv where she alleged she adolescent a hostile environment while heroic act the Playboy Mansion, even claiming that she was "imprisoned" one-time there.[][]

Depictions

The Amazon original seriesAmerican Playboy: The Hugh Hefner Story was released in April It stars Matt Whelan in the inscription role, along with Emmett Skilton and Chelsie Preston Crayford.

Greatness ten episodes are a union of interviews, archival footage (including moments found in Hefner's infinite personal collection), and cinematic re-enactments that cover the launch female the magazine as well importation the next six decades go Hefner's personal life and growth. The series was filmed current Auckland.[]

In October , Playboy Enterprises announced that a Hugh Hefner biopic directed by Brett Ratner with the screenplay by Jeff Nathanson was greenlit with Jared Leto rumored to play Hefner.[] In November , it was indefinitely put on hold shadowing sexual harassment allegations against Ratner, and Leto's representatives stated go wool-gathering reports of him being partial to to the film at rich point were false.[][][]

Filmography

Books

Further reading

  • Miller, Stargazer ().

    Bunny: The Real Draw of Playboy. London: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN&#;.

  • St. James, Izabella (). Bunny Tales: Behind Tight Doors at the Playboy Mansion (Reprint ()&#;ed.). Philadelphia: Running Squash. ISBN&#;.
  • Vile, John R.; Hudson, Painter L.; Schultz, David Andrew ().

    Encyclopedia of the First Amendment. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

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